John Locke and Private Property essays

John Locke and Private Property essays John Locke believes that man has a right to private property. According to Locke, God gave man this plentiful earth, with all of its plants and animals, to work on and nourish our bodies with. God gave us this earth to make use of it to the best advantage of life, and convenience (135). Since our bodies are properly ours, the labour of his [our] body is also properly ours, so whatsoever then he removes out of the state... thereby makes it his property (136). Locke is very clear and concise on this premise. Locke then describes why it is just for individuals to claim parts of Gods gift to all of man in common (135). Locke explains that the labor involved in removing things out of its state of nature puts a distinction between them and common (136). Therefore, he explains, it is the taking any part of what is common, and removing it out of the state of nature leaves it in, which begins the property (136). In short, labor creates property. However, this same theory also limits the amount of property one can have. Since God gave us the earth to use to the best advantage of life, anyone who lets the land perish and rot has offended against the common law of nature (140). Therefore, one can only possess as much land as they can cultivate and use, without wasting anything. Locke does point out, however, that giving things away, or trading them, before they perish is permissible. However, Locke explains that the agreement to use money changes this natural limitation. Money is not like fruit, crops or cattle, because it cannot perish: Money knows no limit (135). Therefore, there is no limit to the private wealth we can accumulate as long as we trade our perishable goods for that imperishable store of value, money (135). Lockes theory is very well thought out. However, in terms of money, ...

The Countries Where Coca-Cola Is Not Sold

The Countries Where Coca-Cola Is Not Sold In 2013, Coca-Cola brought its product to Myanmar after relations between Myanmar and the international community began to improve. Today, the popular assertion is that Cuba and North Korea are the only two countries where Coca-Cola is not officially sold. Coca-Colas website claims that Coca-Cola is available in over 200 countries but there are actually only 196 independent countries on the planet. Further inspection of the Coca-Cola list reveals that numerous countries are missing (such as East Timor, Kosovo, Vatican City, San Marino, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan- you get the picture). Therefore, the assertion that Coca-Cola is missing only from Cuba, and North Korea is most likely a falsehood. Additionally, in looking at the Coca-Cola website list, it is obvious that more than a dozen listed countries are not countries at all (such as French Guiana, New Caledonia, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, etc.). Thus, while Coca-Cola is widely distributed, there quite a few independent countries where the beverage is not available. Nonetheless, Coca-Cola likely remains the most widely distributed American product on the planet, even exceeding McDonalds and Subway restaurants.

Engineering Hydrology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering Hydrology - Essay Example As a consulting engineering hydrologist, the information that is necessary in the successful implementation of this development plan is the information concerning the nature of the River Boyd. Rivers are classified as either perennial, ephemeral, and intermittent. All these classifications are brought about by base flow or storm flow and river discharge. The various methods used for river flow analysis depends on the relative frequency, duration of certain river levels, and duration of low and high flows. The discharge (Q) or stream flow of the river is the amount of water flowing in the river. More precisely, these terms are used for the volume of water that flows through a given point of the river and they combine storm flow and base flow. The points along the cross-sectional flow area and the water velocity are referred to as measurement point for discharge or stream flow. Some of the methods which are used in determination of river flow analysis are (Hauer & Gary, 2007); Floating objects methods This method takes into consideration the time taken by a floating object to cover a certain distance. All the measurements for the cross-sectional flow of the river should be done simultaneously. The formula to be used here is Q = VA where Q is discharge (m3/sec), V is river velocity (m/sec), and A is the cross-sectional area of the river (m2). The limitation of this method is that it is not accurate more so for very wide rivers such as River Boyd with approximate width of 11 m. This is because the velocity of the river keeps on varying from one point to another due to depth and cross-sectional area of the stream. Stream gauging method In this method, the cross-sectional area of the river is subdivided into proportional vertical... This essay stresses that the successful development of tinning factory requires proper understanding of the flow analysis of River Boyd. As a consulting engineering hydrologist, the information that is necessary in the successful implementation of this development plan is the information concerning the nature of the River Boyd. Rivers are classified as either perennial, ephemeral, and intermittent. All these classifications are brought about by base flow or storm flow and river discharge. The various methods used for river flow analysis depends on the relative frequency, duration of certain river levels, and duration of low and high flows. The discharge (Q) or stream flow of the river is the amount of water flowing in the river. More precisely, these terms are used for the volume of water that flows through a given point of the river and they combine storm flow and base flow. The points along the cross-sectional flow area and the water velocity are referred to as measurement point fo r discharge or stream flow. This method takes into consideration the time taken by a floating object to cover a certain distance. All the measurements for the cross-sectional flow of the river should be done simultaneously. This paper makes a conclusion that river flow analysis is can be best determined through the use of stream gauging method. This is because this method is accurate and convenient. Before setting up tinning factory, the management should ensure that they gather valuable information from Environmental Agency regarding underground drainage.

Read the selections from the 2 legalists, han feizi and Li Si, posted Essay

Read the selections from the 2 legalists, han feizi and Li Si, posted on canvas, compare that to the teachings of confucianism. write down a few aspects where legalism would not agree with confucianism - Essay Example Domestic violence refers to physical or emotional abuse directed to one whom you are in a relationship or married. Domestic violence usually occurs to any person irrespective of gender, age, race, religion or location. In any form of domestic violence, there is often the abuser and the one who is abused. Recognizing domestic violence at an early stage is critical at ending it in any form of relationship (Davis, 2008). Therefore, understanding it in depth is what most articles would talk about. Based on the publishers, the issue of domestic violence is a reality in the society and should be addressed as soon as possible. Moreover, the writer has maintained a neutral ground while talking about the issue without pointing any fingers towards any person that exist in an abusive relationship. Based on the authors writing, writer’s association with special interest to domestic violence victims can view her point of view as unbiased (Smith, 2014). All in all, it is clear that the auth or related to the problems faced by people in domestic violence scenarios, addressed them in relation to his thesis. Davis, R. L. (2008). Domestic violence: intervention, prevention, policies, and solutions. N.p.: Boca Raton: CRC Press, c2008. Retrieved April 30, 2014, from

Advantages and Disadvantages of Being the Only Child Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Disadvantages of Being the Only Child Essay What are the pros and cons of being the only child? There are some options in this subject. Some children feel well withouth siblings but others dream about a brother or a sister. One of the main advantages of being the only child is that your parents pay attention only to you. You are the most important person in their lives. Parents do everything for you. For example, if you want a new toy or some clothes they go to a shop and just buy it for you. Moreover, you have everything for yourself. You do not have to share the room, the computer and any other things. What is more you get more presents or more money. In addition to that, there is no person to quarrel with. You are alone and no one can take your things and do something wrong with them. No one disturbs you. You are a family pet and you get all parential love. On the other hand there are also some disadvantages. First of all, the only children are very spoiled and selfish. They are used to thinking that they are the most important people so they must have everything only for themselves. When something is not going according to the way they planned it, they get angry. But it is not all. Being the only child means that parents put preassure on you. You have to still prove that you are the best. You have to het a A for every classroom test otherwise your parents will be disappointed with you. Last but not least, the only child may sometimes feel lonely. Other children can go out with siblings for example to a disco, to friends or even to school. The only child must go solitary or with friends, although it is not the same. They have nobody who can borrow them some clothes or other things. To sum up, being the only child has many advantages but also a lot of disadvantages. Being such a child can be good, although in my opinion these people feel lonely and sad. Personally, I do not want to be the only child.

Biblical Character in the Life of Barnabas Essay -- Religion, The Book

As we first meet Joses, in the book of Acts, we learn much about his person. Joses, who we are told was surnamed Barnabas by the Apostles, must have spent a considerable amount of time with them, considering he had received a surname from them. Certainly, even in the free for all social climates that we have in society today, one would not deliberately call someone Fred when his given name was Lawrence unless their be great affection among these acquaintances. Most likely, because Barnabas was a Levite, he may have had previous interactions with the other apostles and through these interactions; they were able to view God’s development of his character. â€Å"This was not insignificant in itself because the granting of a nickname was often seen as a sign of respect.† Strong’s Concordance tells us the Barnabas means exhorter. â€Å"Joses was nicknamed Barnabas, which means Son of Exhortation, evidently because of his character and ability to encourage those wh o were downhearted.† Barnabas the Levite, having no portion of inheritance in the Promised Land showed great character in that he voluntarily sold land that he had acquired on the Island of Cyprus, which is in a region of the Mediterranean Sea. â€Å"Wherefore Levi hath no part nor inheritance with his brethren; the LORD is his inheritance, according as the LORD thy God promised him.† (Deut. 10:9) â€Å"The believers were unified not only spiritually (one in heart and mind) but also materially. Their selling of their goods was voluntary and the distribution was according to need.† Barnabas may have been a man of considerable financial means, as he did own land. Biblical character is apparent in him as he makes the arduous journey to Cyprus, completes the task of selling the land, and trav... ...le having divested much time having poured out their souls for the workings of spiritual things. What man, having disdain and hatred for another brother would be concerned for his physical well-being? Alas, any Christian would be better disposed to believe that this beloved brother, Barnabas, exhibited great biblical character by maintaining his charity towards his brother Paul. â€Å"Though we change our colleagues, we do not change our principal president.† Later, In Galatians 2 we see Barnabas and Paul once again reunited and laboring together in the battlefield, which is the fight for souls. They, having set aside their differences and having influenced many lives while winning multitudes of lost souls to Christ, carry on their unspoken biblical character. Yes, biblical character must be unspoken that it suffer not to be tainted and be truly revealed as pride.

Hofstede’s Model Of Organisational Culture

ABSTRACT Organizational culture has become the buzzword in popular management with many experts suggesting it as an important determinant for organizational success. Management researchers have been quick to point out the impact that organizational culture may have on the effectiveness of the organization and have called for an increase in the attention paid to organizational culture. With more emphasis being placed on organizational culture, it becomes important to understand the appeal of this concept and examine its impact on management within the organization This paper thus explores on the concept of â€Å"organizational culture† and examines its impact on behaviours and management of the organization. This will involve identifying one associated mode or theory and evaluating or determining the extent to which the chosen model plays a part in defining the style of management. A case study of Sony Ericsson will also be employed to help illustrate the application of hofstede’s model of organizational culture. The study will also identify limitations of this model and the strengths that have enabled it to be used as a basis for most research analyses. INTRODUCTION Organizational culture has become the buzzword in popular management with many experts suggesting it as an important determinant for organizational success (Schein 1999). While the association between organizational culture and organizational success is far from certain, it is obvious that each organization has its own unique social structure which drives much of the individual behavior within that organization. Management researchers have been quick to point out the impact that organizational culture may have on the effectiveness of the organization and have called for an increase in the attention paid to organizational culture (Siehl & Martin 1998). With more emphasis being placed on organizational culture, it is important to understand the appeal of this concept and examine its impact on management within the organization. This study thus explores on the concept of organizational culture and examines its impact on management style. This will involve identifying one associated mode or theory and evaluating or determining the extent to which the chosen model plays a part in defining the style of management. In this regard, Hofstede’s ideas will form the basis of our analysis of organizational culture. WHAT IS..â€Å"CULTURE†? The term culture has been given varied set of definitions by various scholars. Kroeber & Kluckholn (1952), for example, defined culture as consisting of patterns of behaviour acquired and transmitted through symbols, and which constitute distinctive achievement of human groups including their embodiment in artifacts. Hofstede (1980), on the other hand, defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which differentiates members of one human group in the society from the rest. While Symington (1983) defined it as a complex whole which include belief, knowledge, morals, art, customs, capabilities and habits acquired in the society. These definitions suggest culture to consist of a set of value systems that are shared equally by members in the society and which binds people together. With the above conceptualization of culture, we can now define what we mean by organizational culture. ORGANIZAITONAL CULTURE Organizational culture can simply be defined as a set of values, assumptions and beliefs that define the behaviours and style of management in an organization (O’Reilly et.al, 1991). There are three main sources of influence believed to interact to create organizational culture. These are the beliefs and values held by the leaders of the organization, the characteristics of the industry in which the organization is within, and the broader society in which the organization operates (O’Reilly et.al, 1991). The most influential model used by management researchers and which has formed the basis of most analyses of organizational culture is Hofstede’s model. While most noted for his groundbreaking work on dimensions of national culture, Hofstede also identified six dimensions of organizational culture which can be used in defining the style of management in an organization.Process oriented vs goal orientedThe process oriented vs result oriented dimension is concerned with the effectiveness of the organization. A key feature of a process oriented culture is the means or rather the way in which work has to be conducted. While in a result oriented culture, emphasis is placed on the goals of the organization. That is, employees are primarily out to achieve specific organizational goals even if the risks involved are substantial (Hofstede 2001).Parochial vs professionalThis dimension reflects the internal and external frame of the organization (Hofstede 2001). In a local culture the id entity of the employees is with the immediate manager. Hence employees within this culture are internally focused and directed and there is also a strong social control. The converse is true in a professional culture where the identity of the employees is largely determined by the profession and content of the job.Open system vs closed systemThe open system vs closed system dimension reflects the communication climate of the organization (Hofstede 2001). For an open system, new employees are welcomed and there is the belief that everyone fits well in the organization. While for a closed system, it is difficult to join and it is believed that only a certain kind of individuals may fit in the organization.Employee oriented vs job orientedThis dimension relates to the management philosophy in the organization. In an employee oriented organizational culture, concern is mainly on employee satisfaction. The staff members feel that their own personal problems and welfare is taken into acco unt by the organization. While for a job oriented organizational culture, work is characterized by heavy pressure to perform the specific task at the expense of the employee (Hofstede 2001).Tighter control vs loose controlThis dimension relates to structuring, control and discipline in the organization. A tight control culture is characterized by seriousness and punctuality while the features of a loose control culture are casual and improvisation (Hofstede 2001). Examples of organizations that are often found within tighter controls are banks and pharmaceutical companies while those found in loose control are research laboratories and advertising agencies (Hofstede 2001).Normative vs pragmaticThis dimension reflects on the methods employed by organizations when dealing with the environment in general and customers in particular. It describes the level of â€Å"customer oreintation†. Pragmatic cultures are flexible and more market driven while normative cultures are rigid and often emphasize on following applicable laws and rules (Hofstede 2001). Hofstede labeled organizations involved in the sale of services as pragmatic while those engaged in application of laws and rules as normative. CRITICISMS OF HOFSTEDE’S MODEL Hofstede’s ground breaking work on culture has indeed provided valuable insights into the management styles and dynamics of cross cultural relationships. However, his highly influential findings have not been without criticisms. A number of academics have discredited his work in part or whole. Critics have argued that survey was not an important instrument that could be used in accurately determining and measuring the culture of organizations (Jones 2007). A survey of a set of limited questions certainly cannot adequately and comprehensively provide an in-depth understanding of culture of an organization. In response to this criticism, Hofstede argued that survey was one method and certainly not the only method that was used. Hofstede’s model has also been criticized on the basis that the five or six dimensions did not provide sufficient information about cultural differences (Jones 2007). In this regard, Hofstede agreed that his analysis was too narrow to credibly argue for the universal validity and sufficiency of the six dimensions of organizational culture that he identified. And in fact, suggested for additional dimensions to his original work. He also noted that some of the six dimensions that he identified may be less useful when analyzing other types of organizations in other countries (Jones 2007). A third criticism is that Hofstede’s work is seen as outdated, especially with the rapid changes in the global environment (Jones 2007). This critique has further been put forward by Holden (2002) who points out that the data used by Hofstede in his dimensions of organizational culture seem to have been gathered over 30 years ago and is therefore no longer applicable to the modern day world. In response to this criticism, Hofstede (1998) pointed out that a number of recent replications had confirmed his findings. Hofstede’s model is also criticized on grounds of his one company approach. Hofstede’s analysis supposed that a single IBM organizational culture could be used to make inferences about the entire world wide organizational cultures (Jones 2007). A study fixated on one company certainly cannot be used to make inferences about the entire world wide organizational cultures. The validity of his dimensions of organizational culture has thus been questioned and his model considered to be non-comprehensive as the study was based on data collected from a single company using questionnaires that lacked academic foundation. Critics have also argued that Hofstede failed to recognize the diversity in his analysis of IBM culture (Jones 2007). He ignored extensive literature which suggested that there were multiple, dissenting and emergent cultures in an organization. If we are to ignore the assumption of a single culture in IBM and acknowledge the diversity in culture at IBM, then his analysis is likely to collapse. After years of publication of his analysis on organizational culture based on the IBM survey data, Hofstede begun to acknowledge the presence of cultural diversity within and between units in the same organization. However, despite recognizing flaws in his work, Hofstede fails to admit error or weakness in his analysis. Accepting that organizations had multiple cultures as opposed to his assumption of a single culture would seem to undermine a crucial part of his analysis. ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF HOFSTEDE’S MODEL Despite these criticisms, Hofstedes work is widely acknowledged and used by many scholars and practictioners due to its mainly appealing attributes. Sondergaard (1994) noted that hofstede’s analysis on corporate culture received 1,036 citations in comparison with another highly regarded study by Miles & Snow (1978) which only received 200 citations. Moreover, a number of researchers have replicated Hofstede’s study including Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner (1997). Some of the strengths that have enabled it to be used as the basis of most research analyses include: Relevance: – Hofstede’s discoveries came at a time when there was very little known about culture and businesses were just globalizing and were in need of advice (Jones 2007). Hofstede’s framework exceeded this demand and became widely accepted by many scholars and practitioners. His work offered guidance to managers who were expanding their businesses as cultures were clashing and creating difficulties (Jones 2007). Rigour – Hofstede model is based on a rigorous research design with systematic data and is built on a coherent theory (Jones 2007). Simplicity: – Knudsen & Loloma (2007) argues that hofstede’s model has remained influential and successful due to its simplicity of appliance. His analysis of culture offered a simple way of understanding organizational culture. The six dimensions that define organizational culture put forth by Hofstede made it easier for managers and researchers to understand corporate culture without the need of ex pert knowledge. Relative accuracy: – strength of Hofstede’s model is also reflected in its level of accuracy. Majority of the replications conducted by other researchers have confirmed Hofstede’s findings. Four replications have concurred fully with Hofstede’s findings while fifteen showed partial confirmation (Jones 2007). Moreover, Hofstede’s framework has become very influential in management studies and is most widely cited in social sciences. His work remains instrumental in the implementation of various business systems in organizations including entrepreneurial behaviour, workgroup performance and dynamics, leadership styles, participative management and management control systems among many others (Jones 2007). A CASE STUDY OF SONY ERICSSON In order to explore on the extent to which hofstede model plays a part in defining management style, we will conduct a case study of Sony Ericsson, a joint venture between Sony and Ericsson. Sony Ericsson has its headquarters and all of its management based in the UK. The firm aims at becoming the most innovative and attractive mobile brand globally (Cooper & Ross 2007). ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN SONY ERICSSON Organizational culture has long been acknowledged as an important factor for driving behaviour, decision making and shaping management style at Sony Ericsson. With regard to the rules and procedures, Sony Ericson follows a certain procedure laid down by the firm (Cooper & Ross 2007). While it is not a requirement for employees to follow strict dress code and office timings, it is mandatory for employees at Sony Ericsson to abide by the business ethics and code of conduct (Cooper & Ross 2007). Since the firm does not follow a strict dress code and office timings, it can be concluded that the organization employs a loose control culture. With regard to employee evaluation and performance, the staffs at Sony Ericsson are not differentiated on their individual performance and are allowed to participate in decision making except at the higher level which requires the executive management team only (Cooper & Ross 2007). Sony Ericsson’s corporate culture is also more employee oriented with managers more concerned on the welfare and employee satisfaction. Sony Ericson’s organizational culture is also very professional as employees are subjected to scrutiny checks prior to their appointment to ensure that individuals hired are competent and have a certain level of experience deemed necessary for the position (Tayeb 2001). With regard to normative and pragmatic approach, the firm is seen in between, as its organizational culture is both normative and pragmatic oriented. While Sony Ericsson focuses on meeting customer and market needs, the firm also adheres to certain rules and guidelines in meeting these needs (Tayeb 2001). Clearly, Hofstede’s model plays a significant part in defining the management style and organizational behaviour at Sony Ericsson. CONCLUSION There is no doubt that Hofstede’s model is one of the most widely acknowledged and used piece of research. His ground breaking work on culture has indeed provided valuable insights into the management styles and dynamics of cross cultural relationships as evident in Sony Ericsson. A number of academics have however discredited his work in part or whole. Although Hofstede’s work on culture has been heavily criticized on grounds of his one company approach, survey methodological approach, and for fewer dimensions and his assumption of a single organizational culture; majority of his findings have had remarkable effect on practitioners and researchers and continue to guide multi-national practitioners into the â€Å"global† future. While there is a high level of controversy in his analysis of culture, there is no doubt that his study is one of the most influential in the analysis of organizational culture. REFERENCE Hofstede, G., 2001. Culture’s consequences. 2nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications Hofstede, G., 1998. â€Å"Attitudes, Values and Organizational Culture: Disentangling the concepts.† Organization Studies 19(3): 477. Hofstede, G., 1980. Culture’s Consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Hofstede, G., Neuijen, B., Ohayv, D. D., and G. Sanders, 1990. â€Å"Measuring Organizational Cultures: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study across Twenty Cases†. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(2), 286-316. Holden, N., 2002. Cross-Cultural Management – A Knowledge Management Perspective. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Jones, M.L., 2007. Hofstede – culturally questionableOxford, UK. Kroeber, A. L. and C. Kluckhohn, 1952. Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University press Knudsen & Loloma, 2007. The consequences of â€Å"culture’s consequences†. A critical approach to culture as collective programming applied to cross-cultural crews. Journal of Maritime Affairs. Vol . 8 (2), pp.105 -121 Miles, R and C. Snow, 1978. Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. O’Reilly, C., Chatman, J., and D. Caldwell, 1991. â€Å"People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit†. Academy of Management Journal, 34:487-516. Rose, R., 2008. Organizational culture as a root of performance improvement: research and recommendations. Contemporary management research. Vol.4, p. 43-46 Schein, E., 1999. The corporate culture survival guide. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Schwartz, S.H., 1994. â€Å"Beyond individualism/collectivism†. In: Kim, U., Triandis, H.C. et al. (eds) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications: Vol. 18, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Siehl, C. & J. Martin, 1998. â€Å"Measuring Organizational Culture: Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods†. In: Jones, M.O, et al. (eds), Inside Organizations: Understanding the Human Dimension, Newbury Park, CA, Sage Publications, pp.79-103. Sinha, 2000. Patterns of work culture. Sage publications Sondergaard, M., 1994. â€Å"Hofstede’s consequences: A study of reviews, citations and replications.† Organization Studies 15(3): 447. Symington, J. W., 1983. Learn Latin America’s Culture. New York Times. Tayeb, M. H., 2001. International Business Partnership. New York: Palgrave. Trompenaars, F. and C. Hampden-Turner, 1997. Riding the waves of culture: understanding cultural diversity in business. London, Nicholas Brearley.

Assignment on Business Strategy Essay

Assignment on Business Strategy 1 . Evaluate a company of your choice’s Mission statement in the light of the 3 components of any Mission Statement. Also use the Abel framework to evaluate the business definition that this mission statement drives. Ans. ) While a business must continually adapt to its competitive environment, there are certain core ideals that remain relatively steady and provides guidance in the process of strategic decision making. These unchanging ideals from the business vision and are expresses in the company mission statement. The mission statement communicates the firm’s core deology and visionary goals, generally consisting of the following three components: a. Core values to which the firm is committed b. Core purpose of the firm c. Visionary goals the firm will pursue The firm’s core values and purpose constitutes its core ideology and remain relatively constant. They are independent of industry structure and the product life cycle. The core ideology is not created in the mission statement; rather, the mission statement is simply an expression of what already exists. The specific phrasing of the ideology may change with the times, but the underlying ideology remains constant. Here is the Coca-Cola Company’s mission statement for Stakeholders which is published in Jeffrey Abrahams’ new book, 101 Mission Statements From Top Companies . â€Å"The Coca-Cola Promise: The Coca-Cola Company exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches. The basic proposition of our business is simple, solid, and timeless. When we bring refreshment, value, Joy and fun to our stakeholders, then we successfully nurture and protect our brands, particularly Coca-Cola. That is the key to fulfilling our ultimate obligation to provide consistently attractive returns to the owners of our business. The audience for this mission is specifically for the stakeholder. The values here are stated explicitly: refreshment, value, Joy, fun, and attractive returns. These words were obviously carefully chosen by those who crafted this mission statement. The â€Å"ultimate obligation† of â€Å"attractive returns† is a powerful way to state the company’s vision and keeps the values stated in context. A separate mission statement is published on The Coca-Cola Company’s website for access by the general public: â€Å"Everything we do is inspired by our enduring mission: * To Refresh the World†¦ in body, mind, and spirit. * To Inspire Moments of Optimism†¦ hrough our brands and our actions. * To Create Value and Make a Difference†¦ everywhere we engage. † These values are consistent with the stakeholder version of the mission: refreshment and value are echoed in addition to inspiration. 2. What does a Business model intend to achieve, and how? Evaluate any company of your choice’s Business Model in the light of the same. Ans. ) Business Models are simulations of actual business functioning. They act as ideal real life examples, and help participants actively discuss the pros and cons of the situation given. A business Model gives a Full Account of any particular Business Scenario. One has to SWOT analyze the Business Model based on different how it makes money or delivers value, and what it does and does not do. A business model can change throughout the life of business or can be applied to a specific product, or to a nonprofit. It is a more general and concise statement than the business plan, but is still often used to explain the business and its activities to investors, banks or employees. Standard business models are often referred to in shorthand, such as â€Å"subscription† or â€Å"low-cost leader. † As we know a business model is the mechanism by which a business intends to pecify a market offering. It is a summary of how a company plans to serve its customers and specifies its product offering. It mentions both the strategy and methods of implementation. As Amazon. com was being established, the delivery of information, goods, or services to end customers employed one strong business model called the Online Retailers of Physical Goods. This business model takes title to the newly manufactured products that they sell and often rely on third party providers. Like Amazon. com, it needed third party providers, such as Borders and Barnes & Noble, to maintain its product supply. When Amazon. om was first launched, Amazon. om was heralded for its feel-friendly culture that drew talented young people to apply for work there and employed smart hiring strategy by hiring the brightest, most intelligent and versatile people. Jeff Bezos wanted people who could share his vision and were willing to work to achieve it. He tried to establish a sense of community due to sharing both hard work and fun with his employees. Although pay was less than market salaries, attractive ownership options were offered. Amazon’s three operational strategies are 1 . Cost-Leadership – Amazon places itself as leader based only on the pricing. It offers the same product quality for lesser price. 2. Customer Differentiation – Amazon uses design, quality and convenience as a differentiator which set it apart from its close competitors. 3. Focus Strategies – Customer service is the major focus while realizing that each market has its own quirks. Amazon. com’s values and philosophy are at the center of the organization. These often determines the success and failure of the enterprise . The other important factors Amazon focuses on are customer satisfaction and operational frugality. These two values complement Amazon. om’s operational trategies in achieving and maintaining an effective competitive advantage. Growth Drivers There are four primary drivers for growth: 1. Product focus 2. Customer focus 3. Technology focus 4. Distribution focus Using the above stated strategies, Amazon has managed to place itself in a position of power and success. 3. Use the 5 forces model to analyze and interpret the opportunities and threats that the industry within which a company operates (of your choice), throws up. Explain how the company plans to capitalise on the opportunities and tackle the threats understanding where power lies in a business situation. It also helps to understand both the strength of a firm’s current competitive position, and the strength of a position a company is looking to move into. Despite the fact that the Five Force framework focuses on business concerns rather than public policy, it also emphasizes extended competition for value rather than Just competition among existing rivals, and the simpleness of its application inspired numerous companies as well as business schools to adopt its use (Wheelen and Hunger, 1998). * Chez Airlinbe company is not an isolated unit in the world and performs within a market full of other competitors. To be able to evaluate their position on market and to act accordingly they themed the Porter’s Five Forces Model. This model helped to define and realize their business and its surroundings and identify threats and opportunities to focthem on. They review this model periodically to obtain up-to-date data in this global and turbulent environment. The Porter Model consists of 5 elements which together comprises the environment business operate in. These elements are: suppliers, customers, new entrants, existing competition and the product itself. By assessing every one of these elements they get the whole picture of heir company within the market and the rating helps them target the key areas. They theme the scale of 0-5 to evaluate the policies of each element where O means no policies and 5 very high policies (reffering to the number in the brackets). * 1) Policies of Suppliers As they operate in the areas of services there are no critical commodities having large influence of their everyday service delivery. Therefore this area is not of critical policies in a short run. However, they should not underestimate this element as they wouldn’t be able to continue the business in long run without suppliers. f their supply (3) This is a threat in case of the aircraft machines. There are not many reputable airplanes (and airplanes parts) producers and therefore they could have strong policies to control the air travel industry. As for the catering, gift services and other indirect materials there are many fragmented choice and therefore their policies is of almost no significance as they could be replaced quickly. There are no substitutes for the particular input (5) There are no substitutes for planes (in case they want to continue providing air transportation instead of ground routes) and herefore the policies of this element is very high – business critical. They could reduce this policies by handling cargo theming the earth services but this might decrease service level they provide to their customers. * The suppliers’ customers are fragmented, so their bargaining policies is low (4) There are more than 200 airlines all over the world and despite some alliance organizations (such as IATA) they are all potential competitors. The policies of this element is relatively high as the suppliers could afford losing one customers but the customers can’t afford loosing the critical supplier (e. g. Boeing). The switching costs from one supplier to another are high (3) Switching costs in air transport industry are mainly related to the fact of limited airplanes producers and to the machine a company already owns. They theme planes form 3 producers: Airbthem, Boeing and ATR.

Care strategies that can be used to support individuals with each of the physiological disorders Essays

Care strategies that can be used to support individuals with each of the physiological disorders Essays Care strategies that can be used to support individuals with each of the physiological disorders Essay Care strategies that can be used to support individuals with each of the physiological disorders Essay Care strategies need to be review regularly over a period of time this is done to ensure that they are in focused on the individual at the centre of the care. Medication that has been given to the individual has to also be reviews as it may have reached its time limit this means that they might become immune to it like some antibiotics people can become immune to so that this drug will not be affective. Checks have to be done to make sure that the medication is still effective and is working correctly and the patient isn’t suffering any side effects. If there are side effects occurring or the individual has become immune to their medication there will be investigations in to which alternative medication can be given to them that won’t react the same. Scans and x-rays may need to be repeated by the people that have put together the care strategy this is done so that if anything has changed that the individual Is getting care for or physic then this can be assessed again if they need this level of care and it can be changed, or on the other hand if the case has gotten worse and they symptoms are worsening then this also can be looked at and things can be done so that the individual is receiving the right care. After these have been undertaken then the patient will be referred back to their GP so that they can be monitored so then if anything changes in the patients’ health they can be referred to a specialist in this scenario the GP will act as a gate way. All these things are done so that the best possible care is being given to the individual and that they are at the centre of the care plan, as well as this it is done so that there is no overlap of the same physio and treatment and there is no waste of resources. Statutory care Statutory care is care that is required by law and is governed by legislation. Statutory care includes things like the dentist, primary care trusts and care given at the hospitals. Non statutory care Non statutory care is a type of care that is run by the private and voluntary sector. Health and social care services are more than likely delivers by the companies in the business of care who aim to make a profit out of the things they do. This type of care offers things like ; NHS walk-in-centres, NHS run treatment centres, Dental access centres, Health promotion units, Primary care support agencies, Units within an NHS Trust and Multi-trust working groups. Most of the time residential care will be funded by the NHS this falls under the NHS continuing care, and sometimes do not come at any cost. Residential care helps out with the individuals with their personal care e. g. ashing and dressing, the people in the residential home are given 3 square meals a day this can be useful for them as they may not be able to cook when they are in their own home and this may lead to them not getting enough to eat, the home ensures that the individual is safe and secure and is not in any potential risk also the staff are there to give emotional support and help them to live as independently as possible which they may not be able to do within their own home. A residential home offers a friendly environment where everybody is encourage to join in activities and events, this can give the individual a sense of confidence now they are socialising because they may have socially withdrawn themselves when they are living at home, these events and acidities may include a wheelchair fitness routine, karaoke nights, coffee mornings and days out to local attractions. The Alzheimer’s sufferers will have a health and mobility assessment before they go into a residential home they will only have a place in a home if they cannot live independently in their own home or they are struggling alone and depending on home care. Services may also come into the home to visit like hairdressers, chiropodists, nail technicians and also medical visitors such as a local go to doc the individuals GP may make a visit if they can’t go to check-ups and social workers if they need this service. The individual will be put into a home with their permit ion because Alzheimer’s is a very progressive disease and their skills within their home can decrease rapidly which can become very frustrating for the individual as they are used to living independently. As the individual starts to deteriorate they may find they need extra care other than the home care they are receiving isn’t enough for them to live independently. This is where they will be given the choice of moving into residential care so that they can be supported as much as they need to be so that they are not in and danger. As well as this being a reason for the individual moving into residential care they also may need the residential support because they may not have any direct family to care and support them with their progressive disease, family can play a huge part of the caring process with somebody with Alzheimer’s as they can help with basic everyday things such as washing up, shopping and even socialising. Even if the individual does have direct family they may not have the time the individual requires because they have full time jobs, children and other priorities so they might think about moving into a residential home so the carers can provide this care for them and their family can visit when they have the time. Also the individual may become a severe danger to themselves because there house isn’t adapted to their needs, there mobility is deteriorating and they are at risk of trips and falls , ,they may start to forget to do simple things such as forgetting turn the gas cooker off, forgetting to turn the tap of and leaving on the fire they can become oblivious to these things because of their memory loss due to the disease attacking there short term memory, as well as this they can become very confused and start to do thing such as ring family or friends and telling them something that isn’t true which may make them very alarmed for example they may tell them that they are being burgled or they have are moving away etc. the individual dose this because they can revert back to their childhood and past memory this can become very distressing for family and close friends. This can also make the individual very vulnerable to danger as they may forget to lock doors and windows and this can make them an instant target if they live alone and confused. An occupational will do a needs assessment with them within their home to see if they can do anything practically to assist them to carry on living independently but if this can’t be done and they are a great danger to themselves they may be given the option to move into residential care can help this and help control this deterioration by reminding them to do simple things with prompts and sticky notes and also do things for them such as cooking there dinner and washing so the carers can make sure that they have tuned taps off and gas cookers to prevent any danger from occurring. As well as this the carers that work at residential care homes can assist the individual to take care of their own personal care which they may not be doing well themselves within their own home, they might forget to wash their hair and clean their teeth and carry out personal care steps on a regular basis this can cause them to form infections but carers at a residential home can make sure that they do this so infection can be prevented. Aids for living – Aids for living can assist somebody to live at home independently. There are many things that can help the individual around their house like; food preparation and eating aids, personal care and grooming aids, clothing adaptation aids, reaching and mobility aids and personal home and safety aids. These things can range from small aids such as adapted cutlery and non-spill cups if somebody struggles with their grip, telephones with bigger numbers if they have developed sight problems also there are phones where there is a speed dial with a picture space so it can hold a picture of their doctor or a family member so it is much easier for the individual to remember who they are and also there phone number instead of having to remember it and dial it. To bigger adaptations such as stair lift’s Zimmer frames and enforced railings for people who struggle with balance, another adaptation for someone with Alzheimer’s is flash cards, instruction posters and post stick notes reminding them to do something and jogging there memory. To get these adaptations and advise the individual would contact there Occupational Therapist who will advise them on equipment and strategies hat can help them with everyday activities. If the individual does not have a care pan and therefore doesn’t have an occupational therapist then they can be contacted through there GP and social workers. The NHS can provide a certain amount of equipment such as walking sticks, walking frames and wheel chairs. Aids of living are a large support for somebody with Alzheimer’s as they starts to loose there recent memory they may need this extra support such as mobility support, memory joggers and instructions. Flash cards can start to become a regular memory exercise to slow the memory loss process down. Aids of living are designed for the individual who is developing Alzheimer’s to live independently as long as possible with the help of aids that are available to them. Home care- 70% of people with Alzheimer’s are cared for at home it can give an individual some quality of independent living as well as their family a peace of mind that they are being assisted around their house. Home care can range from a few hours a week to the carer living at their home with the sufferer which is ‘round the clock care’ this is depending on the severity of the disease and how the individual is coping in their home living independently. Home carers help the individual with personal care, everyday tasks such as cleaning cooking and ironing as well as somebody to talk to. To receive home care a social worker will carry out a needs assessment to see if they need they are in need of home care. The individual may need this home care for a number of reasons one being that because the disease is acting fast and affecting their memory in a way in which stops them from being able to live independently. As well as this they may have had a family member caring for them and they may not be able to do so anymore because of time issue or other commitments, the disease may be progressing and they may have become a danger to themselves and others around them because of their memory loss and confusion etc. , they may lose the skills they have such as skills they may use every day and if they are still in work skills needed for their job may be lost and they are no longer able to carry on working. They may have had a partner that cared for them and helped them remember everyday things and they could have passed away suddenly and this would have left them with nobody to care for them which can put them in danger of themselves and may not be able to cope alone and therefore need extra care around the house. Also home care can help and individual if they are prone to falling as there mobility can be affected they can be provided with extra support or if they did have a fall because they were unaided around the house by their carer the carer can tend to the individual in a mild case or get in touch with the emergency services if this is needed, this can give reassurance for close friends and family if they are working they know that there relative or friend is safe at home. Day care- Day cares centred are located all over the UK and they provide a place where people with Alzheimer’s can go to visit during the day. This is a safe environment where they can go to and feel safe and secure, this gives family members a piece of mind knowing that they are safe and able to have a good time while being looked after. Care centres are a great way of keeping the individual active and socially engaged, there are many activities provided at the centre which the guests are encouraged to be involved in these include singing clubs, vegetable growing which they can take home, drama, yoga, crafts and art and chicken dove and rabbit keeping this gives them a sense of responsibility and a feeling that they are able to do things with some assistance, also it is important that the individual stays active and able minded . The centres are specially equipped for people with dementia and Alzheimer’s the rooms are decorated specifically for individuals with the disease these special rudiments include special carpets and large clear navigation signs that make moving around as easy as possible for the visitors, because they are more mobile than they would be in their home they may find old skills easier to do in the centres such as gardening and dancing. Within the centres there are carers that make sure the visitors are safe and looked after properly, they can help out with mobility issues, feeding and going to the toilet that they may not be able to do so easy at home.

Dionysus Is the Greek God of Wine and Drunken Revelry

Dionysus Is the Greek God of Wine and Drunken Revelry Dionysus is the god of wine and drunken revelry in Greek mythology. He is a patron of the theater and an agricultural/fertility god. He was sometimes at the heart of frenzied madness that led to savage murder. Writers often contrast Dionysus with his half-brother Apollo. Where Apollo personifies the cerebral aspects of mankind, Dionysus represents the libido and gratification. Family of Origin Dionysus was the son of the king of the Greek gods, Zeus, and Semele, the mortal daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia of Thebes [see  map section Ed]. Dionysus is called twice-born because of the unusual manner in which he grew: not only in a womb  but also in a thigh. Dionysus the Twice-Born Hera, queen of the gods, jealous because her husband was playing around (again), took characteristic revenge: She punished the woman. In this case, Semele. Zeus had visited Semele in human form but claimed to be a god. Hera persuaded her that she needed more than his word that he was divine. Zeus knew the sight of him in all his splendor would prove fatal, but he had no choice, so he revealed himself. His lightning brightness killed Semele, but first, Zeus took the unborn from her womb and sewed it inside his thigh. There it gestated until it was time for the birth. Roman Equivalent The Romans often called Dionysus Bacchus or Liber. Attributes Usually, visual representations, like the vase shown, depict the god Dionysus sporting a beard. He is usually ivy-wreathed and wears a chiton and often an animal skin. Other attributes of Dionysus are thyrsus, wine, vines, ivy, panthers, leopards, and theater. Powers Ecstasy madness in his followers, illusion, sexuality, and drunkenness. Sometimes Dionysus is associated with Hades. Dionysus is called the Eater of Raw Flesh. Companions of Dionysus Dionysus is usually shown in the company of others who are enjoying the fruit of the vine. Silenus or multiple sileni and nymphs engaged in drinking, flute-playing, dancing, or amorous pursuits are the most common companions. Depictions of Dionysus may also include Maenads, the human women made mad by the wine god. Sometimes the part-animal companions of Dionysus are called satyrs, whether meaning the same thing as sileni or something else. Sources Ancient sources for Dionysus include Apollodorus, Diodorus Siculus, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Hyginus, Nonnius, Ovid, Pausanias, and Strabo. Greek Theater and Dionysus The development of Greek Theater came out of worship of Dionysus in Athens. The major festival at which the competitive tetralogies (three tragedies and a satyr play) were performed was the City Dionysia. This was an important annual event for the democracy. The theater of Dionysus was on the south slope of the Athenian Acropolis and held room for an audience of 17,000. There were also dramatic contests at the Rural Dionysia and the Lenaia festival, whose name is a synonym for maenad, Dionysus frenzied worshipers. Plays were also performed at the Anthesteria festival, which honored Dionysus as the god of wine.

Measuring the Effectiveness of the Forum for Youth Investment Program Article

Measuring the Effectiveness of the Forum for Youth Investment Program - Article Example However, the perception of the potential outcome of such initiatives, as well as the prospect of having the projects realize the aforesaid interest needs to be validated. This interest remains best defined via the presentation of a possible avenue upon which the program may be evaluated. A possible path towards the realization of this interest anticipates the consideration of several critical principles. Such statutory guidelines offer an insight into the potential of the program in achieving the considered intent. Programs such as Forum for Youth Investment need to be vetted in order to be allowed to gauge the effectiveness of the initiatives on the ground. They need to express an ultimate potential or capacity of undertaking their principle agenda exponentially. This evaluation seeks to detail on this concern with the hope of presenting a reliable image of the potential of the Forum for Youth Investment. The evaluation hopes to be able to propose methods and measures that may allow for the reflection of the abilities accorded to the program This is deemed to be of essential merit to the initial developers that sought to use the program for the evaluation of their ideas (Yohalem & Wilson-Ahlstrom, 2009, 16). Additionally, the findings will be of benefit to the youths since they will offer useful information on the available vetting programs. Having the Forum for Youth Investment unevaluated allows for the reduction of its potential. The design will nest its focus on the principle structure of the program. This will espouse a top-down approach. The evaluation will consider the output of the program. This will form the base upon which to evaluate the adopted procedure and protocols. The evaluation will simply seek to identify the possibility of achieving the noted result from the adopted items of the check. The program has four levels of outcome.

Internet Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Safety - Essay Example Confirmation of declared identity of institutions or users (Bejtlich, 2006). For the verification of identity are required suitable methods for various applications and services, as are the electronic contracting of convention, the control of access in certain data and services (e.g. for the tale-workers) and the verification of web sites (e.g., for internet banks). It should also be included the possibility of anonymity, since a lot of services do not only need the identity of user but reliable confirmation of certain criteria of (called â€Å"anonymous credentials†), as the solvency. Protection of communications or stored given opposite interception and reading by not permitted individuals (Greene, 2004). It is particularly required for the transmission of sensitive data and she is one from the requirements that correspond in the concern of protection of private life of virtuous networks of communications. It is a device which permits, restricts computer traffic in accordance to the security policies enforced in the business rules. Firewalls are either implemented through hardware, software, or both. They work best in detecting attacks that could enter or leave your system through an open port, such as worms and some Trojan horses. They do not scan the fragmented packets so in that way male wares attached to e-mails are still threats inside your network. The electronic communications can intercept and the data can be copied or modified. Interception it can be realized with various ways. Potential damage: The outlaw interception can cause damage, so as much violation of private life of individuals, what via the exploitation of data that they have been intercepted (Panko, 2004). Likely solutions: Defense against interception can emanate with the encryption of data that is transmitted via the network. Potential damage: The not permitted access has occasionally as motive mental challenge and no